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Seattle police twice burned the early Hooverville, but each time residents rebuilt. It is just west of Qwest Field and the Alaska Viaduct. Today the nine acre site is used to unload container ships. This was Port of Seattle property that had been occupied by Skinner and Eddy shipyard during World War I.

What became the city's main Hooverville started as a group of little huts on land next to Elliott Bay south of "skid road," as the Pioneer Square area was then called. Seattle's Housing PoliticsĬlick to see google map of shack towns in Seattle area and more photos and descriptions.In Seattle shacks appeared in many locations in 19, but authorities usually destroyed them after neighbors complained. Some cities allowed squatter encampments for a time, others did not.

Some squatted, either defying eviction and staying where they were, or finding shelter in one of the increasing number of vacant buildings.Īnd hundreds of thousands-no one knows how many-took to the streets, finding what shelter they could, under bridges, in culverts, or on vacant public land where they built crude shacks.

Unit densities soared in the early 1930s. By 1932 millions of Americans were living outside the normal rent-paying housing market. Homeowners lost their property when they could not pay mortgages or pay taxes. Homelessness followed quickly from joblessness once the economy began to crumble in the early 1930s.

Seattle Municipal Archives Hooverville Documents.

The Story of Seattle's Hooverville by Jesse Jackson, "Mayor" of Hooverville.

Hooverville: A Study of a Community of Homeless Men in Seattle by Donald Francis Roy.

Seattle’s “Hooverville”: The Failure of Effective Unemployment Relief in the Early 1930s by Magic Demirel Primary Source Documents.

"Nobody Paid any Attention": The Economic Marginalization of Seattle's Hooverville, by Dustin Neighly HomelessnessĪ Tarpaper Carthage: Interpreting Hooverville, by Joey Smith We are grateful to the Seattle Municipal Archives, King County Archives, and the University of Washington Library Special Collections for permission to incorporate materials in their collections. Included are photographs, city documents, a 1934 sociological survey of residents, a short memoir written by the former "mayor" of Hooverville, and more. Seattle is fortunate to have the kind of detailed documentation of its Hooverville that other cities lack, and we have compiled these unique resources here. Until the land was needed for shipping facilities on the eve of World War II.

It stood for ten years, 1931 to 1941.Ĭovering nine acres of public land, it housed a population of up to 1,200, claimed its own community government including an unofficial mayor, and enjoyed the protection of leftwing groups and sympathetic public officials Seattle's main Hooverville was one of the largest, longest-lasting, and best documented in the nation. "Hooverville" was a deliberately politicized label, emphasizing that President Herbert Hoover and the Republican Party were to be held responsible for the economic crisis and its miseries. There were dozens in the state of Washington, hundreds throughout the country, each testifying to the housing crisis that accompanied the employment crisis of the early 1930s. "Hooverville" became a common term for shacktowns and homeless encampments during the Great Depression. Click here to see more photographs of Hoovervilles and homeless encampments in Seattle and Tacoma.